Chapter 2  7月9日

【华尔街日报】蒂米劳斯:通胀越往后越难降

素有“美联储通讯社”之称的记者尼克·蒂米劳斯(Nick Timiraos)7月9日撰文称,随着降低通胀的努力仅剩“最后一英里”,这一进展可能会有所停滞,因为只有经济衰退才能真正使核心通胀减速。

蒂米劳斯认为,住房和二手车的通胀的下降将有助于改善通胀,但是,如果经济继续增长,想要把通胀率从目前的水平进一步降至美联储2%的目标将很困难,这可能会迫使美联储在就业市场走弱之前保持紧缩的货币政策。因为,与通胀率从9%降至3%至4%相比,如果经济活动保持稳定,最后一英里降至2%可能会更加棘手。

在过去的两年里,许多预测者认为,随着特殊商品价格上涨的逆转,核心通胀会下降,但他们之后却发现,其他通胀又出现了,就像打地鼠一样。

蒂米劳斯认为造成核心通胀顽固的主因之一是工资通胀,即仍然紧张的劳动力市场给工资带来上行压力。5月份,每一名失业者对应1.6个空缺职位,低于去年的峰值2个,但高于疫情前普遍存在的1.2个,这表明劳动力供需之间的不平衡仍在继续。

火热的就业市场为降低通胀带来了困难,如果经济不放缓,工资增长可能会保持在高位,从而支持对商品和服务的更强劲需求,进而提振对劳动力的需求。如果消费者对自己的工作感到安全,他们就会继续消费,从而使降低通货膨胀变得更加困难。

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