Chapter 3  4月4日

【美联储】梅斯特:通胀压力将比SEP中值更持久

美国克利夫兰联储主席洛蕾塔·梅斯特(Loretta J. Mester)(无投票权)4月4日发表演讲,谈及自己对经济和货币政策的最新看法:

预期随着金融环境收紧,产品和劳动力市场的需求将继续放缓。今年的产出增长可能远低于趋势水平,明年略有回升。

就业增长将放缓,到年底失业率将升至4.5%-4.75%。

到目前为止,高通胀并未使中长期通胀预期失去锚定。中长期通胀预期仍保持在与2%通胀目标合理一致的水平。在通胀预期持续锚定的支撑下,今年通胀将明显改善,降至约3.75%,明年继续改善,2025年达到2%目标。

预计为了让通胀持续向2%回归并保持通胀预期稳定,货币政策今年需要在限制性区域内走得更远,联邦基金利率将升至5%以上,而实际联邦基金利率将在一段时间内保持在正值水平。

我的预测与FOMC两周前发布的预测相似,但我认为通胀压力比与会者的预期中值更持久。

前景的不确定性有所增加。

将FOMC“依赖于数据”理解为FOMC会对一两个数据点做出反应是错误的。“数据依赖”是指,新进经济信息会影响对经济前景和风险的评估,而这反过来又会影响对合适的货币政策的看法。

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