Chapter 1  什么是抵押品?

比如我的一个熟人它手头有点紧,管我借钱,一年后还给我。除了支付一些利息,那对我来说能保护我借给他的钱还不回来的最好的方法之一就是,他抵押给我一个和借款数目差不多相等的一个物品,比如说车,或者是房子,如果一年之内他无法还钱。我可以把它给我的抵押品兑换成现金。这就是简单的抵押品,但它也可以变得非常复杂,我们在看个例子。

比如ABC银行进行了以下2个交易:

一月份,新年快乐

(1) ABC银行付给A客户USD100MM 5Y IRS @2%。那A客户怕ABC银行中间出什么问题而无法进行交易所以要求ABC银行以美金现金作为抵押

(2)ABC银行收到B客户USD100MM 5Y IRS@ 2.15%,但是ABC银行比较天真,并没有要求B客户任何抵押

什么是抵押品?-Pic no.1

转眼间,二月份俄乌事件,加上持续的通货膨胀,导致利率上涨100BPS

(1) ABC银行账上记录着和客户A的交易,是客户A是我的债主,我们的金融产品IRS的价值是美金5MM

(2) 同时,ABC银行账上记录着和客户B的额交易,客户B前我们的金融产品IRS的价值是美金6MM

什么是抵押品?-Pic no.2

我们看看ABC银行的资产平衡表Balance Sheet

ASSETS: 6MM

LIABILITY:5MM

RETAINED EARNING: 1MM

从ABC银行的账上来看是这么回事儿,但是你因该发现,ABC银行的处境非常不乐观,它当初并没有要求客户B提供抵押品。所以ABC银行账上这6个MM并不能兑现,所以如果客户B出现了问题,不仅导致ABC银行拿不到它应该有的6MM,同时因为ABC银行现在没有资金去支付当初保证的5MM抵押给客户A,那么客户A也收到了牵连。

什么是抵押品?-Pic no.3

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